People found great difficulty to participate in bike riding during harsh weather; thus, riders tried to make their own wind shield for protection. It was not until late 2015, that a new technology called “boat-bike”(BB) emerged as a combination of a bike and boat.  People could ride it either on land or on the lake. It was similar to the design-HEPAV (Human-Electric Powered Amphibious Vehicle) by David Buchwaldek, which had ability to power-pedal both road and water surface by electricity (“It’s a bike,,”, 2009). Due to the high cost of production, Buchwaldek’s design was not recognized until 2015.  The BB was faster and relied on less electricity than the one Buchwaldek designed. Also, all people needed to do was pedal and this was seen as a better design as pedalling was also exercising which was considered  the best way of helping to reduce the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes, as mentioned in “walking around the world”  (“Walk”, 2009) .  The BB had a “buoyant, waterproof, aerodynamic shell with a propeller”, a window, and a lower level which allowed the rider to have space to pedal without letting the water went in. Marin was the first bike manufacturer to showcase this new design which brought the advantages of both biking and boating together in late 2015 in US (Wikipedia, 2010).The new and emerging technology of the boat was quickly adapted and integrated into new bicycle designs. The economy was in a good shape which interested many manufactorers to produce it. If you were to “exist” in 2015, you would see lots of flowing “bugs” on the water by looking down from a top building. However, this fad did not last long; there was a huge transformation of this design in the coming 2020.

As the year 2015 carried on, growing concern of the bad air pollution began to take shape. In response, the government of US gave the causes of the global warning: “CO² damage the atmosphere which one of the big causes was overuse of automobile”, found in 2008 (Calvin, 2008). The statement redrew people’s attention in 2020.  All countries took actions immediately as they tried to “fire solutions that stop the CO² pollution from all of those tailpipes and smokestacks.”  Scared, people began to seriously consider the environment rather than luxury.  At this time, more people biked than drove. Numerous companies and engineers had already taken steps to redesign the automobiles by exploring ideas of transportation that would more environmentally-friendly. Less than 7 months later, ideas of reusing abandoned shells of boats or cars as the shield for the bikes with solar pedals attached to solve the shortage of transportation came up. This new emerged design idea was called “rebike” which meant a reformed bike. As soon as people realized how quickly resources were being reused, they went to trade rebike from factories with their boats or cars. The new design could run on road and water which allowed people to trade “reroad” bike (RRB) with car shells, and “reboat” bike(RBB) with boat shells, but they could not run on both road or water simultaneously. RRB was looked similar to a normal car which consisted of the bike pedal functions instead of power engine with the brakes was created. Meanwhile, RBB was also similar to the bike before 2015, but had a boat shell. Both types of bikes had solar penal bike design which would absorb sunlight energy to help to move the bike if the rider was tired of pedalling, with the inspiration from the “hybrid solar and wind boat” boat with “solar wings” which was able to sail and collect solar energy”(“Solar sailor”, 2006).  The 2020 energy penal could store more energy and 2 more days than pervious developed penal, such as the one invented by Gisborne, which could only last for 8 hours (Leahy, 2005). Certainly, the speed of rebike was much slower comparing to the automobiles, however, the 2020 users would not need to do anything with the penal; it would store energy automatically so it would be more environmental friendly. Yet, the energy penal was not easy to produce so not all people owned it. The storage space, time, and bike speed still need to be improved which formed the enbike we are using in 2029.

As time went on, people expected to see more features, criteria, and filtering options added to improve the transportation tools. With advanced technology, the bike only gets better and better. Until now, the enbike is very common to everyone.  By 2029, there was no shortage of energy penal. The Marin Bike released a new type of energy penal which would be powered by sunlight, wind, and water in 28 days, and they named it enbike meant a multiply energy bike (Wikipedia, 2010). The bike needed to absorb natural energies before it could go a long distance.  As it is more widely used, it creates a better and more environmentally-friendly economy. People can ride it on water surface or on land where is similar to the BB in 2015, and comes with the energy panel similar to 2020. Meanwhile, the height of the enbike has risen up , to give users more degrees of freedom in order to cycle faster. This new upgrade allows the users to use some of the functions in the bikes made in 2015 and 2020. Users can still exercise, doing business and entertain themselves among many options. Yet, there is still a small population driving due to the efficiency and because the bike does not have enough energy.  This question leaves the designers to think about today.

Bikes have had many revisions and changes throughout history, it will continue to change. Initially, it was a BB(“It’s a bike,,” 2009), then a rebike, and finally an enbike in 2029. The bike now integrates the boat or car, and energy penal technology which encourages more and more people to use them as they will be easier for the automobile drivers to adapt to and are more environmentally friendly. The bike will become the most obvious transportation to people and it will continue to help in many aspects of our everyday life.

Reference:

Calvin, W. (2008). Turning Around by 2020: How to Solve the Global Warning Problem. Skeptic, 14(1), 38-47. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.

It’s a bike, it’s a boat, it’s the hepav. (2009). Retrieved from http://yachtpals.com/bike-boat-7041

Leahy, S. (2005). Sun powers loon-y pontoon boat. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2005/12/69613

Marin Bikes. (April 2010). In Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on April 6, 2010 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_Bikes

(2009). Nestlé workers ‘walk around the world.’. Occupational Health, 61(12), 7. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.

Solar sailor. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.solarnavigator.net/solar_sailor.htm

Reference:

Alessandro volta. (2004). Retrieved from

http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/volta.htm

Breaking bonds-lab. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/jh/physical/atomictheory/images/nicholson1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/jh/physical/atomictheory/lesson4/atomic4a.html&usg=__lK4xuObSccFwTBvT09n6HwVBiZM=&h=193&w=150&sz=7&hl=en&start=13&sig2=wogMeZ0AIJHZQvsb53y9Vw&itbs=1&tbnid=BNsRhRNh_wz4MM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=80&prev=/images%3Fq%3DWilliam%2BNicholson%2B%28chemist%29%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=3JK1S_fBLIjgtQPw0cGCAw

The Invention of the battery. (2000). Retrieved from

http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://d-training.aots.or.jp/ioe/img/fig2-1.gif&imgrefurl=http://d-training.aots.or.jp/ioe/ioe2-1.html&usg=__j6dvUhVt1z9soaCqvvpXUcNX10k=&h=265&w=300&sz=5&hl=en&start=13&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=4Iks7fNf2b3nhM:&tbnh=102&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DAlessandro%2BVolta%2527s%2Binventions%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1

Kisslinger, J. (2009, January 23). The Story begins with the mnemotron. Retrieved from

http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.versci.com/images/frog.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.versci.com/mnemotron/index.html&usg=__UivBNu5kNON1beGJ4KKIMpABsx0=&h=189&w=200&sz=6&hl=en&start=20&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=mhKIfLokiDMheM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3DAlessandro%2BVolta%2527s%2Binventions%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1

Marsilio landriani. (2000). Retrieved from

http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/sim/simbio/simbio-300338_300.jpg&imgrefurl=http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp%3Fc%3D300338&usg=__zfmRmU3BXrnem5WNXbGNYPHnhwA=&h=300&w=220&sz=40&hl=en&start=2&sig2=yWd65MqENyJ299-fIGNbWA&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=zstdrWP3EjLjoM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMarsilio%2BLandriani%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26ndsp%3D21%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=j2O1S6-8NsOC8gar5pTGBA

Super scientists-count alessandro volta. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/scientists/volta.html

Volta, alessandro (1745-1827) . (1996). Retrieved from http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Volta.html

The Voltaic pile. (2009). [Web]. Retrieved from

Wikipedia.(2010).Abraham Bennet. Retrieved from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Bennet

Wikipedia.(2010). Alessandro Volta. Retrieved from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Volta

Wikipedia.(2010).Benjamin Franklin. Retrieved from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin

Wikipedia.(2010).Luigi Galvani. Retrieved from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Galvani

Wikipedia.(2010). Tiberius Cavallo. Retrieved from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberius_Cavallo

In the Pre-industrial period, societies suffered from poor living conditions, limited production, and the lack of education (Wikipedia, 2010). In this era, the economy was heavily based on agriculture, and not on technology. Under such living standards, how could people afford something to entertain themselves other than the basic needs such as foods and shelter. In fact, the bike was not even invented during this period. Refers to James McGurn explanation, the first known “bike like machine” sketch was discovered in Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook, and drawn by his unruly apprentices in his studio in 1490s(McGurn, 1987). The sketch may have been a copy of one of his drawings or models, but experts still cannot find out the truths of it. Besides, he sketched a “chain-and-cog drive train and even ball bearings in other notebooks” (The Noblest invention:, 2003). Inspired by the carriage that was invented in the 9th century; he was able to come up with those ideas (Wikipedia, 2010). Subsequently, Dutch Renaissance artist Hieronymus Bosch drew features similar to a primitive unicycle in a drawing called “withces” (McGurn, 1987).  Some experts consider this drawing to be also one of the pre-bicycle inspirations. No matter who had the initial ideas, they were discovered not until 4oo years later; they had dynamic changes in the industrial revolution era.

The Industrial revolution has the “social and economic changes that mark the transition from a stable agricultural and commercial society to a modern industrial society relying on complex machinery rather than tools” (“Industrial Revolution,” 2003).  There were “dramatic changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transport” where everything was tried be integrated with technologies or machinery (Wikipedia, 2010).  From this socially and technologically underdeveloped area, a walking machine consisted of a wooden body above two wooden wheels set in line was demonstrated by Baron von Drais in August 1817 (Bicycle museum, 2010). Rider pushed his feet alternatively against the ground in order to scoot forward by steering the front wheel. It was mainly for entertainment or recreation purposes. Soon, this type of running machine was widely used because buying a bike is cheaper than a horse, easier to store, and “more efficient per mile than any form of transportation ever invented” as Lance Armstrong compared (The Noblest invention:, 2003). Later in 1863, Pierre and Ernest Michaux are commonly “credited with ‘inventing’ the bicycle at their Parisian carriage shop”; an unknown member in Michaux clan had an idea to put pedal cranks on the velocipede, but the “invention was a quantum leap for the nascent bicycle”. This period is where the business and travel in a long distance purposes began. People who were in pre- industrial did not have many activities to do in further places other than the areas near their homes, and they carried goods by animals. Therefore, they would be more enjoyable and feeling convenient with the uses of this great invention-bike. The existence of it changed lots of people’s lives. Indeed, when the bike “stepped” toward post-industry era, its enemy-automobile boomed onto the “stage”.

Post- industry “is a society in which an economic transition has occurred from a manufacturing based economy to a service based economy, a diffusion of national and global capital, and mass privatization” ( Wikipedia, 2010). After years and years of experiment, many safety bicycles had been introduced in the early 1900’s. For the next 30 years, innovations were small and rarely revolutionary, but bikes still transformed continuously and they even had racing bikes (Babaian, 1998). In fact, the bike became one of biggest inspirations for automobile. As the industrial revolution era created a unique historical condition, society and economy were stepping toward a more wealthy stage in post industry era. People had more money and started to prefer more fashionable technologies to update their lives styles at that time. Shortly, an automobile was debuted by Ransom Olds at his Oldsmobile factory in 1902 (Wikipedia, 2010).  An imported Ford Model T or Austin Seven cost around 175 Euros and a standard bicycle around 5 Euros (McGurn, 1987). Some rich people bought cars instead of bikes. However, not many people could afford the automobile at that time, so the bike was still very popular and affordable for all people even for today’s economy.

In conclusion, bicycles are affordable to most people around the world. In the pre-industrial era, besides walking, bicycles were a primary transportation. This technology took a giant step in the industrial era, and gave a good impact on other transportation technologies in the post industrial era. Based on the benefits of the bike, most people could afford them for transportation, recreation, or business use. And in the 21st century, it continues to be presented in everyday life. Despite the other “enemies” that took over in the popular stages, it made many contributions in society.

Reference:

A Quick history of bicycles.(March 2010). In Bicycle museum pedaling history. Retrieved on March 24, 2010 from:

http://www.pedalinghistory.com/PHhistory.html

Automobile. (March 2010). In Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on March 25, 2010 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile

Babaian, S. (1998). The most benevolent machine: a historical assessment of cycles. Ottawa, Canada: National Museum of Science and Technology.

Carriage. (March 2010). In Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on March 25, 2010 from:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carriage

Industrial revolution. (2003). Britannica concise encyclopedia. Retrieved (2010, March 26) from Britannica Concise Encyclopedia

Industrial revolution. (March 2010). In Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on March 24, 2010 from:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution

Pre-industrial society. (March 2010). In Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on March 25, 2010 from:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-industrial_society

The Noblest invention: an illustrated history of the bicycle. (2003). United States: Rodale Inc.

McGurn, J. (1987). On your bicycle. New york, United States: Facts on File.

Our group has chosen the skystrain station as a physical public space. We selected persistence as one of the four properties.

Walking up the stairs to the skytrain station, people can sometimes view the environment outside the stairs. People are required to buy tickets in order to take the train. There is an electronic ticker that shows where the train is going to. Some messages are about the stations in each boundary. The skytrain comes to the station in 5 minute intervals. There are some people getting on or off in every station. They are trying to catch the train by rushing there. Once the train leaves, it will be difficult for other people to look for whatever they want on the train. This relates to a lack of persistence. In the reading, danah boyd describes persistence as something that will stick around forever. For instance, if someone were to leave a message on Facebook, the message will still be there after twenty years (thanks to archive sites like The Way Back Machine and Archive.com) and in the same way, if someone were to leave something on the train, he/she will not get the object back.

However, the one thing that is persistent at these stations is vandalism. Often, messages are etched or permanently written on chairs, walls and windows. Vandals’ goals are to permanently leave their mark onto a public space; they do so because they want to “mark their territory”—similar to animals. In conclusion, humans do achieve their purposes by choosing specific mediums of communication, just like marks of vandalism seen at these stations.

Before we started our research, each group needed to select a topic from the given 8 topics. (“First come first serve”) Our team posted up a topic and our group members’ names behind it, which would allow others to see what topic we chosen. This was a strategy to communicate with other groups before we did our research; it would avoid problems such as some groups would work on a same topic. Each member in my group tried to contribute something to our topic. Before the research, our group briefly talked about who was going to find what. Since all of us worked in the same lab, we could have a little trick to communicate with each other. It was physical walking. (We could walk to the others and speak to them.)

During the experiment, I found out that if one person was editing the page, other people could not join in. We would lose  our information if we tried to edit it. However, the page allowed us to edit as many times as we wanted but just be careful with the timing.  Besides, I  also found out that wiki is a very convenient tool, because people provide plenty of information in a platform within a short time. Also, the formatting tools such as font sizes and colours options are easy to use, and they are similar to the Office Word program. I can quickly transfer my knowledge to this new program with similar designed functions. However, it is possible that users would share false, fraudulent, nonsense and no civilized information.

Since the whole class tried to work on the same writing, it would be hard to sacrifice all of us. Not all of us would agree with things such as writing quality, style and font colours. Overall, the experiment ran smoothly.  I learned that I should not always put myself on the first place, and how to corporate better with other people, which I learned more teamwork skills.

LOL, it goes further and further, then comes back..

it does relate to other things…. they are all related!!   ^.^

https://connect.sfu.ca/service/home/~/tech-no-pirate_th.jpg?auth=co&loc=en_US&id=13480&part=5

https://connect.sfu.ca/service/home/~/tech-no-pirate.jpg?auth=co&loc=en_US&id=13480&part=4